AI in the Classroom: Opportunities and Risks for Students with Special Education Needs

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The OECD’s latest report, produced with research contributions from the National AI Institute for Exceptional Education, the Learning Engineering Virtual Institute, and European university consortia, makes a persuasive argument that artificial intelligence could be transformative in supporting students with special education needs, provided it is rolled out responsibly. Students with disabilities remain among the most disadvantaged in terms of education and employment across the OECD, with girls and women facing even greater inequities. Although mainstreaming children with disabilities into general classrooms has been shown to improve both academic and social outcomes without harming peers, the stubborn persistence of achievement gaps demands fresh solutions. Against this backdrop, the report asks a crucial question: can AI bridge those divides without worsening risks of bias, privacy breaches, or environmental burdens?

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