Parents provide both home environments and genes. Untangling those influences is one of the biggest challenges in developmental research.
➕ In our new preprint, we examined how the home math environment (HME) relates to children’s arithmetic fluency development from Grades 1–3.
🎲 Informal play-based math activities (e.g. games) were linked to stronger arithmetic development, whereas more formal instruction and homework help were linked to poorer outcomes — possibly because parents increase formal support when children struggle.
🧠 We also found that parents who struggle with maths tended to have children who struggle, suggesting that dyscalculia may run in families.
Dyscalculia is a learning disorder characterized by persistent difficulties with numbers and basic arithmetic. It occurs regardless of overall intelligence or level of education.
What Is Dyscalculia?
Dyscalculia (also referred to as a mathematical learning disability or arithmetic disorder) is a neurologically based learning difficulty that causes persistent problems with understanding numbers, learning number facts, and performing basic mathematical operations. It is not caused by low intelligence, inadequate teaching, or lack of effort — it has biological roots in the brain.
Dyscalculia is classified as a specific learning disorder and is recognized in the ICD-10 (code F81.2) and the DSM-5 as a distinct diagnosis. It affects an estimated 3–7% of school-age children and can persist into adulthood.
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