An Eye-Tracking System for Extracting and Visualizing Visual Features of Dyscalculia in Children

This chapter presents a pioneering eye-tracking system developed to analyse and visualise the cognitive-perceptual characteristics of children with dyscalculia. The system captures raw eye movement data alongside auditory and behavioural responses, transforming them into actionable insights through advanced feature extraction and visualisation tools like heatmaps and scanpaths. Key focal points

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Three day old babies already distinguish quantities: the brain is born with math

A study with newborns up to three days old reveals that their brains already separate quantities, such as four from twelve stimuli, activating a key area for processing numbers. This innate ability helps survival by differentiating dangers or food. For the public, it means babies arrive with mathematical foundations, and detecting problems early could prevent difficulties like dyscalculia.

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Dyscalculia in adults

Dyscalculia is a learning difficulty that affects an individual’s ability to do basic arithmetic such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Adults with dyscalculia often take longer when working with numbers and may be more prone to making mistakes in calculations.

They can also experience higher levels of anxiety and frustration. It may be harder for adults with dyscalculia to learn and recall math facts, such as times tables.

Estimation skills can also be affected. Dyscalculia is not a reflection of low intelligence, nor does it mean an adult will not be successful working through higher order mathematical reasoning. However, many people with dyscalculia believe they are simply bad at math.

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