Finger counting is recognized as a valuable tool that supports young
children in performing arithmetic tasks. However, concerns have been
raised about whether this practice traps children in immature proce
dures and hinders the later development of more efficient and inter
nalized strategies. This longitudinal study, conducted with 165 French-
speaking Swiss children (predominantly white; 88 girls) aged 4½ and
followed every six months over three years, is the first to provide
evidence that such concerns is unfounded. Indeed, by the age of 7½,
children who had used their fingers to solve addition problems early in
development did not perform worse than the rare children who were
never observed using their fingers during the study. On the contrary,
the earlier children began using their fingers, the earlier they transi
tioned to accurate mental strategies. These results are compatible with
a developmental model in which finger counting acts as a scaffold for
the acquisition of more advanced strategies, ultimately facilitating the
shift to efficient mental arithmetic. At the very least, our findings show
that finger counting is not an obstacle to children’s progression
toward mental strategies
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